When you are a passenger on a train, you are much more likely to move to another seat if the ticket collector tells you to move than if another passenger tells you to do so. Use your knowledge of why people obey to explain this behaviour. [4 marks]

Answer: One reason people are more likely to obey a ticket collector than another passenger is because the ticket collector is seen as a legitimate authority figure. In this situation, the collector holds recognised power, and failing to follow their instructions could lead to consequences, such as being removed from the train. In contrast, another passenger does not have legitimate authority, so there would be no consequence for ignoring their request.

Another reason is that the ticket collector is likely to be wearing a uniform, which acts as a visible symbol of authority. Bickman (1974) found that people were more likely to obey someone in uniform than someone in ordinary clothes. This helps to explain why passengers are more likely to obey a ticket collector than another passenger.

Examiner Comment: In application questions like this, students must apply their knowledge directly to the scenario. Stronger responses to this question focus on the legitimate authority of the ticket collector, the influence of his uniform, and the potential consequences of not following his instructions. This demonstrates clear understanding and effective engagement with the scenario.